How Damaging Winds of Tornadoes are Estimated
- Created by amt on Jun 29, 2008
- Last update by amt on May 10, 2009
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| House | Some roofing/siding materials removed, awnings damaged, antennae bent | Large areas of roofing/siding material, partial structural failure of roof | Well-attached roof removed, a frame house may have other structural damage | Frame houses includes those with brick veneer |
| Steel re-inforced
Industrial Building |
Some roofing/siding materials removed, awnings damaged, antennae bent | Large areas of roofing material stripped away, partial structural failure of roof | Roof removed, partial structural failure of walls | |
| Mobile Home | Some roofing/siding materials removed, awnings damaged, antennae bent | Partial structural failure | Obliterated, renderd unrecognizable | Damage worse if mobile home not anchored |
| Barn or large shed | Partial removal of roof | Roof completely removed | Destroyed to foundation | F1 maximum if in poor condition or if cleanly lifted off foundation |
| Deep-rooted trees | Long branches down | Intermitted trees uprooted and snapped at trunk | Large areas of trees uprooted and snapped at trunk | Damage worse if shallow rooted |
| Vehicle or farm equipment | Vehicle not moved or tipped but a moving vehicle may be forced into another lane | High-profiles vehicle may be moved or tipped over, moving low-profile vehicles may be forced off the road, farm wagons or equipment may be carried short distances | Low-profile vehicles may be dragged or carried a short distance but fewer than 10% are tipped over | Low profile: cars, vans, pick-ups, farm tractors, etc.
High profile: semi trucks, motor homes, buses, combines, etc. |
| Missiles | A few light object missiles generated-e.g. cans , garbage can lids, lawn chairs | Some impact damge from light object missiles e.g. stones, branches, canoes, etc. | Heavy objects such as vehicles and machinery may be dragged or carried short distances |
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